Pimples form when your skin’s pores become clogged with a combination of excess oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and sometimes bacteria. Here’s a breakdown of how it happens:
- Overproduction of sebum: Your sebaceous glands (attached to hair follicles) produce oil to keep your skin hydrated. Hormonal changes, like those during puberty or menstruation, can cause them to produce too much.
- Clogged pores: When excess oil mixes with dead skin cells, it can block the pore (hair follicle opening).
- Bacterial growth: A common skin bacterium called Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) can multiply in the clogged pore, leading to inflammation.
- Inflammation and pus: Your immune system reacts to the bacteria, causing redness, swelling, and pus — which is essentially what you see as a pimple.
There are different types of pimples, like whiteheads, blackheads, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts — depending on the severity and depth of the blockage and inflammation.
🧼 Prevention Tips
- Cleanse gently, twice a day
Use a mild, non-comedogenic cleanser (won’t clog pores). Over-washing or scrubbing can irritate your skin and make acne worse. - Use non-comedogenic products
This includes moisturizers, sunscreens, and makeup. Look for labels that say “oil-free” or “non-comedogenic.” - Keep hands and hair off your face
Your hands carry bacteria and oils, and hair products can trigger breakouts. - Change pillowcases and towels regularly
Oils and bacteria can build up on fabric, irritating your skin overnight. - Avoid popping pimples
This can push bacteria deeper and lead to scarring. - Eat a balanced diet
High-glycemic foods (like sugary snacks) and dairy may trigger acne in some people. Consider cutting back if you notice a pattern.
💊 Treatment Options
🧴 Over-the-counter (OTC)
- Benzoyl Peroxide (2.5–10%): Kills bacteria and reduces inflammation.
- Salicylic Acid (0.5–2%): Helps unclog pores by exfoliating dead skin cells.
- Adapalene (e.g., Differin): A topical retinoid that prevents clogged pores and reduces inflammation.
💉 Prescription (from a dermatologist)
- Topical antibiotics (like clindamycin)
- Oral antibiotics (for moderate to severe acne)
- Hormonal treatments (like birth control pills or spironolactone for women)
- Oral isotretinoin (Accutane – for severe or cystic acne)
💡 Bonus Tips
- Stay consistent with your routine — it can take 6–8 weeks to see improvement.
- Moisturize, even if you have oily skin. Dry skin can trigger more oil production.
- Wear sunscreen daily to protect your skin and prevent post-acne marks.
